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NA (Ed.)This article introduces the concept of Youth Pedagogical Development (YPD), defined as an ongoing process of youth learning to teach other youth as they engage with academic knowledge and pedagogical strategies. To conceptualize and provide empirical support for YPD, we look at three case studies with community-based organizations that teach young people how to teach and mentor in STEM. We examine how youth’s teaching, mentoring, and learning from other near-peer youth transforms how youth identify as STEM teachers, learners, and doers. We propose that this development of youth teaching other youth creates more humanizing learning spaces where Black and Brown youth feel supported, cared for, and agentic.more » « less
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Samples of the carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu were brought to Earth by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We analyzed seventeen Ryugu samples measuring 1-8 mm. CO 2 -bearing water inclusions are present within a pyrrhotite crystal, indicating that Ryugu’s parent asteroid formed in the outer Solar System. The samples contain low abundances of materials that formed at high temperatures, such as chondrules and Ca, Al-rich inclusions. The samples are rich in phyllosilicates and carbonates, which formed by aqueous alteration reactions at low temperature, high pH, and water/rock ratios < 1 (by mass). Less altered fragments contain olivine, pyroxene, amorphous silicates, calcite, and phosphide. Numerical simulations, based on the mineralogical and physical properties of the samples, indicate Ryugu’s parent body formed ~ 2 million years after the beginning of Solar System formation.more » « less
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